대광고 고1 영어 · 원인 검산과 새 지문 적용 5문항

A pottery workshop once counted a cup as defective only when a crack could be seen in ordinary light. After a retailer returned several cups with fine cracks, the workshop introduced a stronger lamp and required inspectors to turn each cup slowly. The proportion of cups recorded as defective rose. The manager initially blamed the new firing schedule, which had begun in the same week. An engineer warned that two changes had occurred together: the way cups were made and the way they were examined. A rise in recorded defects could therefore reflect poorer production, more sensitive inspection, or both. To separate these explanations, the workshop kept unused cups from the old schedule and selected comparable cups from the new one. Inspectors examined both groups with the same lamp, without being told which schedule had produced each cup. This comparison could reveal a difference between the groups without confusing it with a difference in inspection. It would not, by itself, establish which part of the new schedule caused any difference. The engineer wanted the workshop to improve its process, but insisted that a solution should follow a diagnosis rather than merely follow a disappointing number.

A pottery workshop once counted a cup as defective only when a crack could be seen in ordinary light. After a retailer returned several cups with fine cracks, the workshop introduced a stronger lamp and required inspectors to turn each cup slowly. The proportion of cups recorded as defective rose. The manager initially blamed the new firing schedule, which had begun in the same week. An engineer warned that two changes had occurred together: the way cups were made and the way they were examined. A rise in recorded defects could therefore reflect poorer production, more sensitive inspection, or both. To separate these explanations, the workshop kept unused cups from the old schedule and selected comparable cups from the new one. Inspectors examined both groups with the same lamp, without being told which schedule had produced each cup. This comparison could reveal a difference between the groups without confusing it with a difference in inspection. It would not, by itself, establish which part of the new schedule caused any difference. The engineer wanted the workshop to improve its process, but insisted that a solution should follow a diagnosis rather than merely follow a disappointing number.

A pottery workshop once counted a cup as defective only when a crack could be seen in ordinary light. After a retailer returned several cups with fine cracks, the workshop introduced a stronger lamp and required inspectors to turn each cup slowly. The proportion of cups recorded as defective rose. The manager initially blamed the new firing schedule, which had begun in the same week. An engineer warned that two changes had occurred together: the way cups were made and the way they were examined. A rise in recorded defects could therefore reflect poorer production, more sensitive inspection, or both. To separate these explanations, the workshop kept unused cups from the old schedule and selected comparable cups from the new one. Inspectors examined both groups with the same lamp, without being told which schedule had produced each cup. This comparison could reveal a difference between the groups without confusing it with a difference in inspection. It would not, by itself, establish which part of the new schedule caused any difference. The engineer wanted the workshop to improve its process, but insisted that a solution should follow a diagnosis rather than merely follow a disappointing number.

Researchers used acoustic sensors to monitor a species of bat in two valleys. A recorded call was evidence of the bat's presence, but a night without a recording was not proof of its absence: wind could hide a call, and a passing bat might remain silent. In the second year, one valley received more sensitive sensors. Its recordings increased while those in the other valley remained stable. The team could not yet attribute the difference to population growth. They first placed old and new sensors side by side, so that both types listened to the same nights in the same places. The newer sensors captured some calls missed by the older ones. This finding explained why a comparison across years needed caution, but it did not show that every additional recording was caused by equipment. The researchers proposed comparing both years under a common detection standard. They also noted that the proportion of visits during which bats called could change with feeding conditions. Even perfectly functioning sensors would not automatically turn a count of calls into a count of individual bats.

Researchers used acoustic sensors to monitor a species of bat in two valleys. A recorded call was evidence of the bat's presence, but a night without a recording was not proof of its absence: wind could hide a call, and a passing bat might remain silent. In the second year, one valley received more sensitive sensors. Its recordings increased while those in the other valley remained stable. The team could not yet attribute the difference to population growth. They first placed old and new sensors side by side, so that both types listened to the same nights in the same places. The newer sensors captured some calls missed by the older ones. This finding explained why a comparison across years needed caution, but it did not show that every additional recording was caused by equipment. The researchers proposed comparing both years under a common detection standard. They also noted that the proportion of visits during which bats called could change with feeding conditions. Even perfectly functioning sensors would not automatically turn a count of calls into a count of individual bats. In a later two-season study, the team kept newer sensors at the same sites. Their sensitivity remained unchanged. Raw recordings rose in the second season, but this increase disappeared when nights were matched for wind and feeding conditions. No comparable records of individual bats were available.